A team at the HZB Institute for Solar Fuels has developed a process for providing sensitive semiconductors for solar water splitting (“artificial leaves”) with an organic, transparent protective layer. The extremely thin protective layer made of carbon chains is stable, conductive, and covered with catalysing nanoparticles of metal oxides.
These accelerate the splitting of water when irradiated by light. The team was able for the first time to produce a hybrid structure that converts 12 per cent of the incident solar energy into the form of hydrogen. The results have now been published in Advanced Energy Materials.
The “artificial leaf” consists in principle of a solar cell that is combined with further functional layers. These act as electrodes and additionally are coated with catalysts. If the complex system of materials is submerged in water and illuminated, it can decompose water molecules. This causes hydrogen to be generated that stores solar energy in chemical form. However, there are still several problems with the current state of technology. For one thing, sufficient light must reach the solar cell in order to create the voltage for water splitting – despite the additional layers of material. Moreover, the semiconductor materials that the solar cells are generally made of are unable to withstand the typical acidic conditions for very long. For this reason, the artificial leaf needs a stable protective layer that must be simultaneously transparent and conductive.
Catalyst used twice
The team worked with samples of silicon, an n-doped semiconductor material that acts as a simple solar cell to produce a voltage when illuminated. Materials scientist Anahita Azarpira, a doctoral student in Dr. Thomas Schedel-Niedrig’s group, prepared these samples in such a way that carbon-hydrogen chains on the surface of the silicon were formed. “As a next step, I deposited nanoparticles of ruthenium dioxide, a catalyst,” Azarpira explains. This resulted in formation of a conductive and stable polymeric layer only three to four nanometres thick. The reactions in the electrochemical prototype cell were extremely complicated and could only be understood at HZB.
The ruthenium dioxide particles in this new process were being used twice for the first time. In the first place, they provide for the development of an effective organic protective layer. This enables the process for producing protective layers – normally very complicated – to be greatly simplified. Only then does the catalyst do its “normal job” of accelerating the partitioning of water into oxygen and hydrogen.
High efficiency: 12 per cent of the solar energy is converted into hydrogen
The silicon electrode protected with this layer achieves solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of about 12 per cent. In addition, the researchers observed no degradation of the cell – the yield remained constant over the entire 24-hour measurement period.
It is remarkable that an entirely different material has been favoured as an organic protective layer: graphene. This two-dimensional material has been the subject of much discussion, yet up to now could only be employed for electrochemical processes with limited success. Because the novel material could lend itself for the deposition process as well as for other applications, we are trying to acquire international protected property rights”, says Thomas Schedel-Niedrig, head of the group.
Learn more: Solar fuels: a refined protective layer for the “artificial leaf”
The Latest on: Solar fuels
[google_news title=”” keyword=”Solar fuels” num_posts=”10″ blurb_length=”0″ show_thumb=”left”]
via Google News
The Latest on: Solar fuels
- Low- and moderate-income Florida homes could get solar from federal fundingon April 23, 2024 at 5:30 pm
About 10,000 single-family households in the state will receive financial help installing rooftop solar. Low-income households could be subsidized 80% to 100%, and those with moderate income 60% to 80 ...
- Are You a Gen Z Renter? Solar Power Isn't out of Your Reachon April 23, 2024 at 5:00 pm
A generation of young people are struggling to find their own homes. Switching to solar power now can put more money in their pockets.
- Wisconsin scores $62.4 million federal grant for residential solaron April 23, 2024 at 3:55 pm
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chose Wisconsin among 60 applicants for a federal grant to boos solar energy systems for disadvantaged communities.
- Petrobras to Build Solar Power at Its Three Refinerieson April 23, 2024 at 1:07 pm
Petrobras (NYSE: PBR), the renowned Brazilian state-run oil and gas company, has recently unveiled its ambitious plans to boost its sustainable energy portfolio.
- Biden marks Earth Day by announcing $7 billion in federal solar power grantson April 23, 2024 at 9:15 am
President Joe Biden marked Earth Day by announcing $7 billion in federal grants for residential solar projects serving 900,000-plus households in low- and middle-income ...
- IRA’s Solar for All Program Will Install Nearly 1 Million Systems in USon April 23, 2024 at 9:08 am
Grants totaling $7 billion are based on an idea from Sen. Bernie Sanders that aims for cleaner air and lower utility bills.
- Wind overtakes fossil fuels for UK electricity generationon April 22, 2024 at 10:03 pm
Wind farms have been the primary source of electricity in the United Kingdom for the past two consecutive quarters, marking the longest stretch on record that renewable energy has surpassed fossil ...
- Making Solar Affordable: This $7 Billion US Investment Expands Solar For Allon April 22, 2024 at 1:23 pm
New grants for Solar for All programs aim to install solar panels and boost community solar access for over 900,000 low- and middle-income residents nationwide.
- OpenAI CEO Sam Altman invests in solar power firm Exowatt to fuel AI datacenterson April 22, 2024 at 11:00 am
Solar energy company Exowatt has launched with the financial support of OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, alongside two other investors.… It's not clear how much Altman is ploughing into Exowatt, but the Wall ...
- Pa., N.J. to receive millions for solar energy projects that will benefit residents with low incomeon April 22, 2024 at 9:56 am
The solar projects will lower energy bills for overburdened residents of the Philadelphia region, federal officials say.
via Bing News