By forcing light to go through a smaller gap than ever before, researchers have paved the way for computers based on light instead of electronics.
Light is desirable for use in computing because it can carry a higher density of information and is much faster and more efficient than conventional electronics. However, light does not easily interact with itself, so while it can be used to move information quickly, it is not very good at processing information.
This research has ticked one of the boxes needed for optical computing.– Dr Michael Nielsen
For example, light is currently used to transfer information over long distances, such as in transatlantic cables and fibre optics, which deliver fast internet. However, once the information reaches your computer, electronics are needed to convert and process it.
In order to use light for processing on microchips, several important obstacles need to be overcome. For example, light can be made to interact using particular materials, but only over relatively long distances. Now, however, a team from Imperial College London has made a significant step forward by reducing the distance over which light can interact by 10,000 fold.
This means that what previously would have taken centimetres to achieve can now be realised on the micrometre (one millionth of a metre) scale, bringing optical processing into the range of electrical transistors, which currently power personal computers. The results are published today in the journal Science.
Illustration of the device. The insets show the distribution of light as it enters the wide gap (right) and the narrow gap (left)
Dr Michael Nielsen, from the Department of Physics at Imperial, said: “This research has ticked one of the boxes needed for optical computing.
“Because light does not easily interact with itself, information sent using light must be converted into an electronic signal, and then back into light. Our technology allows processing to be achieved purely with light.”
Shorter distance, increased intensity
Normally when two light beams cross each other the individual photons do not interact or alter each other, as two electrons do when they meet. Special nonlinear optical materials can make photons interact, but the effect is usually very weak. This means a long span of the material is needed to gradually accumulate the effect and make it useful.
As our hunger for more data increases, optics will need to come into the home, and eventually inside our computers.– Dr Rupert Oulton
However, by squeezing light into a channel only 25 nanometres (25 billionths of a metre) wide, the Imperial team increased its intensity. This allowed the photons to interact more strongly over a short distance, changing the property of the light that emerged from the other end of the one-micrometre-long channel.
Controlling light on such a small scale is an important step is the construction of computers that use light instead of electronics. Electronic computing is at the limit of efficiency; while it is possible to make a faster electronic processor, the energy cost of moving memory data around the computer any faster is too high.
To make computers more powerful, processors are instead made smaller, so more can fit into the same space, without increasing processing speed. Optical processing can generate little to no heat, meaning using light can make computers much faster and more efficient.
Bringing optics closer to home
The team achieved the effect by using a metal channel to focus the light inside a polymer previously investigated for use in solar panels. Metals are more efficient at focussing light than traditional transparent materials, and are also used to direct electrical signals.
The new technology is therefore not only more efficient, but can be integrated with current electronics.
Scanning electron microscope image of the device
Dr Rupert Oulton, from the Department of Physics at Imperial said: “The use of light to transfer information has gotten closer to our homes.
“It was first used in transatlantic cables, where capacity was most crucial, but now fibre optic broadband is being installed in more and more streets in the UK. As our hunger for more data increases, optics will need to come into the home, and eventually inside our computers.”
As well as providing an important step towards optical computing, the team’s achievement potentially solves a longstanding problem in nonlinear optics. Since interacting light beams with different colours pass through a nonlinear optical material at different speeds, they can become ‘out of step’ and the desired effect can be lost.
In the new device, because the light travels such a short distance, it does not have time to become out of step. This eliminates the problem, and allows nonlinear optical devices to be more versatile in the type of optical processing that can be achieved.
Learn more: Squeezing light into a tiny channel brings optical computing a step closer
The Latest on: Optical computing
[google_news title=”” keyword=”optical computing” num_posts=”10″ blurb_length=”0″ show_thumb=”left”]
- Global Optical Interconnect Market by Product Category, Interconnect Level, Fiber Mode, Data Rate, By Distance, Application - Forecast 2024-2030on March 27, 2024 at 12:21 pm
This growth underscores the crucial role optical interconnect solutions are playing in powering data centers, high-performance computing, and telecommunications operations worldwide. Market ...
- Marvell's Latest Innovations in Optical Technology Set to Transform AI and Cloud Computing at OFC 2024on March 27, 2024 at 8:46 am
Marvell Technology presents its optical technology approach for AI and cloud data centers at OFC 2024 in San Diego, and receives positive analyst ratings.
- Optical Transceiver Market worth $25.0 billion by 2029 - Exclusive Report by MarketsandMarkets™on March 26, 2024 at 8:52 am
The telecommunication segment grew at the second fastest CAGR during the forecast period.
- POET Enters Optical Module Market with 800G Transceiver for Artificial Intelligence Networkson March 26, 2024 at 4:21 am
The Wavelight product line is complementary to POET’s optical engine sales. POET is committed to continue its optical engine sales both directly and through its joint venture, Super Photonics Xiamen ...
- Half Of Optical Stores Nationwide Operate Without Certified Optometrists -- AMOon March 25, 2024 at 6:54 pm
Nearly 50 percent of the estimated 5,000 to 7,000 optical stores nationwide do not have certified optometrists and are run by individuals with no background in optometry, according to a survey carried ...
- The Best Qubits for Quantum Computing Might Just Be Atomson March 25, 2024 at 1:25 pm
In the search for the most scalable hardware to use for quantum computers, qubits made of individual atoms are having a breakout moment.
- Marvell Extends 1.6T Connectivity Leadership With Industry's First PAM4 Optical DSP Integrating 200 Gbps Electrical and Optical Interfaceson March 25, 2024 at 6:00 am
Marvell Technology, Inc. (NASDAQ: MRVL), a leader in data infrastructure semiconductor solutions, today announced Marvell® Nova 2, the industry's first 1.6 Tbps PAM4 optical DSP featuring 200 Gbps ...
- NEC, NTT claim success in first-of-its-kind subsea optical fibre cable trialon March 25, 2024 at 5:30 am
Tech giant and leading Japanese telecoms provider reveals research making progress towards increasing capacity of transoceanic optical submarine cable through use of over 7,000km using 12-core fibre ...
- LightSolver Announces LPU100 Laser Computing Systemon March 21, 2024 at 12:32 pm
TEL AVIV, Israel – March 19, 2024 –Laser-based computing company LightSolver announced what the company said is a breakthrough in quantum-inspired high-performance computing. Its LPU100 system ...
- OpenLight Partners with Jabil to Address Accelerating Demand for Optical Components in AI, ML, and Datacenter Applicationson March 20, 2024 at 3:29 am
and optical computing applications. With over 200 patents, OpenLight is bringing optical solutions to places it has never been before and enabling technologies and innovation that weren't ...
via Google News and Bing News