Coralie Salesse, left, and David Stern examine corn stalks in a BTI greenhouse, as part of their research on enzymes and boosting photosynthesis.
Scientists from the Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) and Cornell have boosted a carbon-craving enzyme called RuBisCO to turbocharge photosynthesis in corn. The discovery promises to be a key step in improving agricultural efficiency and yield, according to new research in Nature Plants, Oct. 1.
Increased RuBisCO assists corn’s biological machinery used during photosynthesis to incorporate atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
“Every metabolic process – like photosynthesis – has the equivalent of traffic lights or speed bumps,” said plant biologist David Stern, president of the Cornell-affiliated BTI. “RuBisCO is often the limiting factor in photosynthesis. With increased RuBisCO, though, this well-known speed bump is lowered, leading to improved photosynthetic efficiency.”
RuBisCO does have a formal, scientific name. It’s Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, an enzyme that helps convert carbon dioxide into sugar. It’s generally accepted, said Stern, that it’s the Earth’s most abundant enzyme.
But for the world of commercial agriculture and corn’s C4 (four-carbon compound) photosynthesis system, RuBisCO works slowly.
BTI researchers found a way to overexpress a key chaperone enzyme called RuBisCO Assembly Factor 1, or RAF1, to help make more RuBisCO.
“It needs help from other proteins to assemble itself,” said lead author Coralie Salesse, a Cornell doctoral candidate in the field of plant biology.
With the chaperone enzyme, the scientists in effect lowered a different speed bump – one that limits the rate at which RuBisCO can attain the right biological architecture – leading the plants to accumulate more of it.
The exact mechanism of how RuBisCO was assembled had been a mystery for many years, until the RAF1 and RAF2 proteins were discovered, said Salesse.
Salesse conducted research at the laboratories of Robert Sharwood and Florian Busch at the Australian National University and at the laboratory of Steven Long, University of Illinois. Salesse found that increasing RuBisCO causes greenhouse-grown plants to flower sooner, grow taller and produce more biomass.
“Corn is an important but land and energy-intensive crop, and reducing its environmental footprint is important. Just in this country, corn is grown on some 90 million acres, and nearly 15 billion bushels were produced in recent years,” said Stern, Cornell adjunct professor of plant biology. He explained there are different approaches to increasing biomass per acre, including boosting photosynthesis, which could increase the weight of each ear of corn and thus yield per acre.
Stern noted – with this finding – that the same approach may have promise to improve yields in other C4 crops, such as sorghum and sugarcane.
“As we move from the greenhouse and into the fields, we hope to eventually observe improved growth and yield in production varieties,” he said. “Turbocharging RuBisCO has the potential to provide a foundation for profound effects on the corn plant’s ability to mature and produce biomass, especially when combined with other approaches.”
Learn more: ‘Turbocharging’ photosynthesis increases plant biomass
The Latest on: Agricultural productivity
via Google News
The Latest on: Agricultural productivity
- How smart can agriculture beon November 30, 2019 at 10:37 am
While the developing world is fast adopting agriculture technology, the situation in Pakistan is far from satisfactory. We hear about recurrent crop failures, low yields, and destroyed crops due to ...
- Chinese vice premier stresses all-out efforts in restoring hog productionon November 30, 2019 at 9:16 am
Noting that stabilizing hog production and supply is a key task of the current work relating to agriculture, rural areas and rural people, Hu urged implementation of the measures rolled out to restore ...
- Russian Farm Gives Cows VR Goggles in Effort to Increase Happiness, Milk Productionon November 29, 2019 at 2:38 pm
That’s according to a news release published Monday from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Moscow region ... So, a team of developers, with the help of veterinarians and consultants for dairy ...
- These Supplements Can Reduce Depression and Anxiety While Increasing Productivityon November 29, 2019 at 1:00 pm
We have global populations that are becoming nutrient-deficient due to massive agricultural practices that are no longer putting essential ... It helps in a myriad of ways, including hormone ...
- How Daylight Savings Time Affects Productivityon November 29, 2019 at 10:13 am
Contrary to popular belief, daylight savings time was not pushed by the agriculture industry. According to The History Channel, farmers were “deeply opposed to the time switch when it was first ...
- After ISIL, Agricultural Production Struggles to Recover in Parts of Iraqon November 29, 2019 at 7:32 am
The consequences of this occupation are still being felt in many rural areas where agricultural production was used as both a source of political propaganda and income, or destroyed as the group was ...
- Model: Possible simultaneous impact of global warming on agriculture and marine fisherieson November 29, 2019 at 7:12 am
To gain a better perspective on what the future of agriculture and marine fisheries might look like up to the end of this century—if greenhouse gas emissions remain unchanged—the researchers built a ...
- Agriculture Drones Market Analysis By Growth, Emerging Trends And Future Opportunities Till 2025on November 28, 2019 at 10:31 pm
The rising demand for quality food crops due to growing population is the key factor drives the market growth furthermore, increasing adoption of advanced technologies to enhance crop production and ...
- Zoomlion's Strategic Cooperation with Cambodia Brings Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technologieson November 28, 2019 at 5:22 pm
At the signing ceremony, Zoomlion also announced a donation of high-end agricultural equipment including fully mechanized corn production equipment and intelligent dryers to support the transformation ...
via Bing News