Bacteria Engineered to Turn Carbon Dioxide Into Liquid Fuel

Global climate change has prompted efforts to drastically reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas produced by burning fossil fuels.

In a new approach, researchers from the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science have genetically modified a cyanobacterium to consume carbon dioxide and produce the liquid fuel isobutanol, which holds great potential as a gasoline alternative. The reaction is powered directly by energy from sunlight, through photosynthesis.

The research appears in the Dec. 9 print edition of the journal Nature Biotechnology and is available online.

This new method has two advantages for the long-term, global-scale goal of achieving a cleaner and greener energy economy, the researchers say. First, it recycles carbon dioxide, reducing greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the burning of fossil fuels. Second, it uses solar energy to convert the carbon dioxide into a liquid fuel that can be used in the existing energy infrastructure, including in most automobiles.

While other alternatives to gasoline include deriving biofuels from plants or from algae, both of these processes require several intermediate steps before refinement into usable fuels.

“This new approach avoids the need for biomass deconstruction, either in the case of cellulosic biomass or algal biomass, which is a major economic barrier for biofuel production,” said team leader James C. Liao, Chancellor’s Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at UCLA and associate director of the UCLA-Department of Energy Institute for Genomics and Proteomics. “Therefore, this is potentially much more efficient and less expensive than the current approach.”

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Tags: alternatives to gasoline, burning fossil fuels, burning of fossil fuels, Carbon Dioxide Into Liquid Fuel, cyanobacterium, energy economy, engineer bacteria, genomics and proteomics, global climate change, greener energy, greenhouse gas emissions, henry samueli school, isobutanol, reducing greenhouse gas emissions

This entry was posted on Sunday, December 13th, 2009 at 2:01 pm and is filed under Automotive, Consider This, Cutting-edge Research, Innovation, Innovation Needed, Need to Know, Project Energy, Science Digest / Science Daily, climate change, disruptive innovation, environment. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.